Highly Porous Superconductors: Synthesis, Research, and Prospects

This paper presents a review of studies of superconductors with a porosity above 50%. The pores in such superconducting materials allow refrigerant penetration and provide efficient heat dissipation and stable operation. Methods for the synthesis of the main groups of porous superconductors are described. The results of studies of the structural, magnetic, and electrical transport properties are presented, and the features of the current flow through porous superconductors of various types are considered. The directions of further development and application of porous superconductors are presented.