Interaction of Satellite Navigation Signals with Forest and Snow-Ice Layers

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-023-02996-z

The paper studies parameters of the snow-ice cover and forest ground determined by the integrated approach based on the global navigation satellite system reflectometry. Experimental data on the amplitude and time response of satellite navigation signals are processed by fast Fourier transform and then analyzed using mathematical methods based on the multipath echoes model in terms of geometrical optics. Using a combination of reflectometry and numerical simulation of the surface layers based on local weather data, it is possible to evaluate not only the current state of these layers, but also predict their dynamic development.